12283亿元！马斯克超越贝索斯成为全球首富，真人版“钢铁侠”的财富是如何飞速飙升的？（附视频&解说稿）
英语演讲视频，第一时间观看
假如有一天你成为了世界首富，你会去做什么？
世界新首富给出的答案是：接着工作。
截至北京时间9日上午，福布斯实时富豪榜显示，特斯拉首席执行官埃隆·马斯克的个人资产已达到1897亿美元(按最新汇率换算，为12283.08亿元人民币)，超越亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝佐斯的1857亿美元成为世界新首富。
同一时间，中国新首富、世界富豪榜排名第六的钟睒睒的财富为956亿美元，仅为马斯克的一半左右。其实在更早时候，彭博亿万富翁指数就已将这位“硅谷霸道总裁”推上了世界财富之巅。
“埃隆·马斯克，世界上最富有的人。”7日，彭博社的一篇报道称，当天特斯拉公司股价飙升7.9%，使得马斯克在彭博社亿万富翁指数上的排名超过了贝佐斯。彭博社称，在过去的一年里，得益于其持续的利润，特斯拉的股价飙升。马斯克的财富不断增加，“这可能是历史上最快的财富创造”。
据说，电影《钢铁侠》就是以马斯克的故事为蓝本，这窜升速度也确实很像是坐火箭了。今天，跟着英文演讲君一起来看看马斯克在成为世界第二富豪的时候，华尔街日报制作的一个6分钟短片，解析马斯克的如何带领特斯拉在股市上开启暴涨模式。
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- When I have spent too much time in a conference room, that's generally when things have gone awry and when I go to spend time on the factory floor, really using the cars, thinking about the rockets, that's where things have gone better.
- [Narrator] And things appear to be going very well for Elon Musk this year.
- [Woman] We explore as one for all.
- [Narrator] SpaceX launched its first commercial vehicle to put humans in orbit. Tesla became the world's most valuable automaker. ♪ You added fuel ♪
- [Narrator] And according to the Bloomberg Billionaire Index, Musk is now worth about $145 billion, making him the second richest person on the planet. Richer than Bill Gates and second only to Jeff Bezos.
- Most of Elon's worth is Tesla stock and he became the second richest person in the world this year because of Tesla's stratospheric stock gains. I mean, the stock is up more than 500% since the start of the year.
- [Narrator] As the pandemic chokes the pace of business for many, Tesla says it's on track to deliver half a million cars in 2020. Tesla's also on track for its first calendar year of profitability and just last month, the S&P announced that it would add Tesla stock to the index. How has Elon Musk achieved so much this year? And at what cost?
- There appears to be no material impact to Tesla and its goals for 2020 as a result of the pandemic. This is in part due to Elon Musk making the decision to reopen his Fremont, California-based car plant before he was given permission by public health officials. And continue operating there in spite of the pandemic.
- [Narrator] Before defying local orders to reopen the plant, Musk threatened to move operations out of California because of the restrictions. But in a CNBC interview, Governor Gavin Newsom didn't seem concerned.
- But I'm also not worried about Elon leaving any time soon. I'd had a lot of conversations with him.
- [Narrator] Tesla relies on over 50,000 employees worldwide. The ones that helped meet Musk's ambitious delivery goals this year may have faced risks to keep the company operational.
- Elon Musk, the CEO of Tesla, is defying stay-at-home orders, daring authorities to arrest him by reopening his California factory.
- While we don't have firm numbers from either public health officials or from Tesla itself, we know from various industry sources that Tesla workers have gotten sick with COVID this year and Elon Musk himself did get COVID as he tweeted last month. But people got sick in this frantic push to deliver a record number of vehicles.
- [Narrator] There's another reason Tesla was able to meet its 2020 delivery goals.
- A word of thanks to one of our customers in China without which Tesla would not be here today.
- [Narrator] This was the first year of production at the company's Shanghai factory. Chinese officials say the government gave Tesla workers PPE, which may have kept production going during the pandemic.
- [Heather] And Elon Musk and other Tesla executives have told shareholders that the lower cost of labor there has greatly helped the company over this past year.
- [Narrator] Advancements in battery technology also helped Tesla's stock gain, as well as government regulations that incentivize electric vehicle production and ownership.
- [Heather] Batteries are cheaper, cars can go longer on a charge and there is a broader trend toward electrification of vehicles being pushed by consumer demand and by regulation that we see particularly in California, Tesla's home state, which is getting investors more excited about opportunities there.
- [Narrator] Four, three.
- [Narrator] The US government has played a role in the success of SpaceX this year as well.
- I think it's incredibly important that government focus on incenting the outcome, not the path.
- [Narrator] In August, SpaceX won a multi-billion dollar contract to become one of the primary satellite launch providers for the Pentagon. In October, they won another as part of a proposed Pentagon missile warning system. And a month later, NASA partnered with SpaceX for the company's first human operational mission into space.
- [Narrator] Ignition, liftoff. (rocket whooshing)
- [Narrator] Elon Musk has his hand in a bunch of other projects as well though none of have been as successful as Tesla or SpaceX.
- These include The Boring Company, which is all about building tunnels underground to solve the problem of traffic.
- I mean, you can think of these as wormholes and I need to get to the other side of LA or New York or whatever, drop down the wormhole. Pop out the other side.
- [Narrator] He's also working on a hyperloop project that uses magnetic levitation, steel tubes and vacuum pumps for ultra high-speed travel and an AI-powered brain implant called Neuralink.
- In a lot of ways, it's kinda like a Fitbit in your skull with tiny wires.
- Which you're all just pandas, made-up junk basically. So he has a lot of stuff going on but I would say most of those projects just seem like they are decades away from fruition if they're coming to fruition at all.
- [Narrator] Looking ahead to 2021, Musk has doubled down on some of the promises he made for 2020.
- Hewlett really knows cells. This is a massive breakthrough.
- He's promised to deliver on advancements on battery technology that he unveiled in September. He's also talked about delivering possibly a million vehicles next year and you'll remember his promise this year was 500,000 vehicles, which seemed a stretch and so these are huge, huge expectations.
- [Narrator] But this year's successes aside, Musk has a history of failing to deliver on some of his promises. (upbeat music) Like the long-awaited all-electric semi-truck trailer he said would come to market more than a year ago.
- So if you order now, you'll have the truck in three years.
- [Heather] This is classic Elon Musk, over promising and under delivering and being way behind timelines and if they had launched before the pandemic hit, they might have had a better opportunity.
- [Narrator] Given this history, analysts and investors say some of his grand ambitions for 2021 will likely not be met. Or at least not met without setbacks. Musk says Wednesday's SpaceX Starship spacecraft test flight was a success despite the explosive crash landing.
- [Heather] Tesla has never really been punished significantly by Wall Street for missing its targets so maybe there isn't much of a financial downside for Elon Musk to make these grand statements that often don't come true.
- [Narrator] Tesla did not respond to requests for comment.
- We should make a song out of this.
- Yeah.
- And so then.
对于成为世界首富这件事情，当事人马斯克相对淡定。他在社交媒体上回复说，“好奇怪”，又说，“好了，回去工作吧……”
地球首富，想去火星
成为了世界首富后第一时间去工作，不少人评价这一回应实在是“凡尔赛”了。但这对于马斯克而言却再正常不过，因为他不仅“牛上天”，还真的想“上天”。
“世界上最成功、最重要的企业家”，《纽约时报》曾如此评价马斯克。据英国广播公司(BBC)报道，马斯克小时候沉迷于科幻小说，喜欢与电有关的一切事物。他兴趣广泛，对太阳能、人工智能都十分关注，而且工作时是“不知疲倦的铁人”。
公开资料显示，马斯克1971年出生在南非，从小就痴迷科学，17岁前往加拿大求学，21岁到美国上大学。彼时，刚刚20岁出头的马斯克就开始思考哪些事物会对人类的未来产生重大的影响。
他给出的三个答案，分别是互联网、清洁能源和太空探索。
因而，马斯克创立了的三家公司，分别是世界上最大的网络支付平台PayPal，首家私人民营太空探索技术公司SPACE X，还有最为国人所熟知的新能源汽车巨头特斯拉。
但他所有的商业布局，都是为了他心心念念的终极梦想——去火星。“自己财富增加的目的就是希望人类可以加速朝着太空文明进发。”
因而，他的火星移民计划也惹来不少人调侃，“特斯拉只是马斯克攒钱去火星的工具”。
“如果你要被埋葬在某个地方，在地球上出生，在火星上死亡是一件很酷的事情——但不是因为撞击。”马斯克最近接受采访时表示，预计自己将在两三年后进入太空，而且希望自己死后能被葬在火星上。
就在2020年12月9日，全世界网友还见证了马斯克的最新一次冒险——SpaceX公司发射星舰飞船SN8。但可惜的是，SN8在成功升空后约6分钟就坠落，并发生爆炸。
即便如此，马斯克看起来还挺高兴的，他在社交媒体上发文称：“我们已经拿到所有所需的数据，恭喜Space X团队!”“火星，我们来了!”
大难不死，特斯拉有“后福”
马斯克的“强心脏”也不是生来就有的。不只是这次通往火星的交通工具出了一点偏差，他在地球上的交通工具的发展也经历过不少起落。
对于马斯克的登顶，显而易见的原因是近来特斯拉股价一路狂飙。
自去年11月以来，特斯拉股价在短短三个月内连续突破400美元、500美元、600美元、700美元和800美元五个大关，在新年不到一周时间，股价就由700美元涨至800多美元，并向900美元冲刺。
截至美国当地时间1月8日收盘，特斯拉股价收报880.02美元，总市值达到8341.72亿美元。
回溯2020年初，马斯克的身家“仅仅”为270亿美元，排在全球富豪榜前50名。换句话说，一年时间，马斯克的身家上涨超过1600亿美元。仅这一增长的数字，就超过了前首富、微软创始人比尔盖茨的全部资产。
但要知道，就在2018年，特斯拉还差点破产。
“这一年(的经历)让我感到老了五岁，是我职业生涯中最难熬的一年，特别痛苦。”马斯克曾在社交媒体上表示，特斯拉一度离破产只差大约一个月的时间，当时公司仍在研究如何批量生产Model 3。
随着特斯拉上海超级工厂Model 3产能的不断爬坡，特斯拉“大难不死”。根据今年年初特斯拉官方公布的数据，2020年特斯拉累计销量49.95万辆，基本达成年销50万辆的计划目标。
目前看，特斯拉助力下，马斯克的财富之路依然后劲十足。日前，特斯拉中国宣布Model Y降价16万，预售官网瞬间被挤爆。短短几天时间，订单量已经排到2021年第二季度。
因此，全球四大投行之一的摩根斯坦利分析师认为，特斯拉的销量预期有望再创新高。对于拥有20.8%特斯拉股份的马斯克来说，他的财富在不久的将来可能就是个天文数字。
世界首富，只想租房
说到这里，马斯克又要“凡尔赛”一把了——“有这么多钱又如何，我房子都是租的。”
马斯克日前接受外媒采访时介绍，其主要房产都已经卖掉，而其他房产亦正在出手。两个月前，马斯克刚刚卖掉了自己在洛杉矶的房子，而且是一个中国人买的。
“如果工作繁忙，我会比较喜欢直接睡在工厂或者办公室里。如果我的孩子也在，那还是需要一个住处，所以，我倾向于租一个地方。但是，其实很多时候只有我一个人，所以我也确实不需要一个很大的房子。”马斯克说。
很多时候只有自己一个人的马斯克，其实已经是6个孩子的爹了。他和2个女人有过3段婚姻、5个孩子。去年5月，他还喜得与现女友格莱姆斯的第一个宝宝。
超级富豪的婚姻往往会牵扯到更多财产纠葛。要知道，世界前首富贝佐斯和前妻麦肯齐的离婚，是“史上最贵的离婚”。据彭博社报道，如果不是因为离婚，贝佐斯的财富仍会领先马斯克。
可由于马斯克对签署婚前或婚后协议非常谨慎，对离婚时的财产分割又极为主动，他的前妻们从离婚中获得的财富也都非常有限。这样看来，就算马斯克未来结婚再离婚，大概对他自身财富也构不成太多影响。
马斯克都成为世界首富了，依然是个精打细算的“工作狂”。啥也别说了，大家继续加油工作吧!
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